West Frisian (Frysk) / English / German (Deutsch)
Les ien / Lesson one / Lektion ein
PYT: Goeie, Jan! Hello, Jan! / Hallo, Jan!
JAN: Goeie, Pyt! Hello, Pyt! / Hallo, Pyt!
P. Hoe is it mei dy? How are you? / Wie geht es dir?
J. Mei my giet it goed. I’m fine. / Mir geht es gut.
Les twa / Lesson two / Lektion zwei
PYT: De fyts is âld. The bicycle is old. / Das Fahrrad ist alt.
JAN: It hûs is nij. The house is new. / Das Haus ist neu.
P. De weinen binne ek nij. The cars are also new. / Die Autos sind auch neu.
J. Mar de ko is jong. But the cow is young. / Aber die Kuh ist jung.
P. De hûn is ek jong. The dog is also young. / Der Hund ist auch jung.
J. En de fytsen binne nij. And the bicycles are new. / Und die Fahrräder sind neu.
P. Mar de jas is net nij. But the coat isn’t new. / Aber der Mantel is nicht neu.
Les trije / Lesson three / Lektion drei
PYT: Bist do noch boer? Are you still a farmer? / Bist du noch ein Bauer?
JAN: Ja, ik bin noch boer. En do ek? Yes, I’m still a farmer. Are you not? / Ja, ich bin immer noch ein Bauer. Bist du nicht?
P. Nee, ik haw no in winkel. No, now I have a shop. / Nein, nun habe ich ein Geschäft.
J. Dan hast do it drok. So you are busy. / Dann bist du geschäftigt.
Les fjouwer / Lesson four / Lektion vier
Adverb order:
In West Frisian
(1. place / 2. time / 3. manner)
In English
(1. manner / 2. place / 3. time)
In German
(1. time / 2. manner / 3. place)
PYT: Jim kinne hjir hjoed wol ite. You can eat well here today. Du kannst heute gut hier essen.
JAN: Mar past jim dat wol? But do you mean that well?
P. Ja wis, ús kast is fol. Of course, our cupboard is full. Gewiß, unser Schrank ist voll.
J. Tanke wol dan! Thank you very much! Danke schön denn!
P. Jim hawwe juster grif ek net sa folle hân. I’m sure you didn’t have so much yesterday. Du hast sicher gestern nicht zuviel gehabt!
J. Nee, mei sa 'n reis krijt men gau te min. No, mit such a journey one gets easily too little. Nein, mit so eine Reise bekommt man bald zu wenig.
Les fiif / Lesson five / Lektion fünf
PYT: Wolst do ek sûker yn 'e tee ha? Do you also want sugar in your tea? Möchtest du auch Zucker in der Tee?
JAN: Nee, tanke. No, thanks. Nein, danke.
.. Wat sille wy fierder dwaan? What else will we do? Werden wir noch etwas tun?
P. Wy geane aanst nei de buorren. We’ll go to the village center. Wir gehen bald in die Dorfmitte.
J. Dat liket my wol goed ta. It sounds very good. Es gefällt mir sehr.
P. Hjir is noch in hompke tsiis foar dy. A small piece of cheese is left here for you. Hier ist dir noch ein Stückchen.
J. Dêr kin ik wol sêd fan wurde. Then I can be satisfied. Da kan ich ganz satt sein.
Les seis / Lesson six / Lektion sechs
JAN: Geane de froulju mei ús? Will the women come along? Kommen die Frauen mit?
PYT: Nee, ik woe mar tegearre gean. No, I’d like only both of us to go. Nein, ich möchte nur uns beide dorthin.
J. Troch hokker doar moatte wy? Through which door we have to go? Durch welche Tür müssen wir gehen?
P. Wy kinne troch beide doarren. We can go through both doors. Wir können durch die beide gehen.
J. It reint in bytsje, it is wiet waar. It is raining a bit, it’s wet out there. Es regnet ein bisschen und es ist naß da draußen.
P. Wy kinne wol oer wat wiette, net? We can go in the wetness, can’t we? Wir können ja über diese Näße gehen, oder?
J. Ja, ik haw in goede pet op'e holle. Yes, I’m wearing a good cap. Ja, ich habe eine gute Schirmmütze auf.
P. En ik draach in tichte jas! And I’m wearing an water-proof coat! Und ich habe einen wasserdichten Mantel an!
Les sân / Lesson seven / Lektion sieben
PYT: Sjoch, de bern boartsje by skoalle. See, the children are playing at school. Sieh, die Kinder spielen in der Schule.
JAN: Se binne wakker oan it sjongen. They are singing intensely. Sie singen gerade tüchtig.
P. Ik tink dat se it mâl waar yn 'e holle hawwe. I think they are restless. Ich denke, dass sie unruhig sind.
J. Tink derom, der rint ien oer de wei. Attention! someone is walking on the way. Achtung! Es geht jemand auf dem Weg.
P. Dat gie mar krekt goed. That was pretty well. Das ist aber gut gewesen.
J. Sa, no hawwe wy dochs efkes fuort west. So, now we have been out for a while all the same. Dann haben wir dennoch einen Augenblick weggewesen.
Les acht / Lesson eight / Lektion acht
JAN: It is hjoed ús heit syn jierdei. The birthday of our father is today. Heute ist der Geburtstag unsers Vaters.
PYT: Lokwinske! Hoe âld wurdt er? Congratulations! How old will he turn? Herzliche Glückwunsch! Wie alt wird er werden?
J. Hy wurdt al fyftich jier. He’ll turn fifty years old. Er wird fünfzig Jahre alt werden.
P. No, sa âld is ús mem noch net. Well, our mother isn’t so old yet. Na ja, unser Mutter ist noch nicht so alt.
J. Hoe âld is dy dan? How old is she then? Wie alt ist sie denn?
P. Se is noch mar acht en fjirtich. She is still fourty-eight. Sie ist noch nur achtundvierzig.
J. Dan is jim mem âlder as uzes. Then your mother is older than ours. Dann ist deine Mutter älter als unsere.
P. Wannear is jim mem har jierdei dan? When will your mother’s birthbay be? Wann ist denn der Geburtstag deiner Mutter?
J. Nije wike sneon. Next week on Saturday. Nächste Woche, am Samstag
P. Dan hawwe jim gau wer in feest! So you’ll have soon another party! Dan hast du wieder bald noch ein Fest!
Marlon muebeitoa yu ajue beisie.
Let's learn a foreign language!
Mostrando postagens com marcador lessons / aulas. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador lessons / aulas. Mostrar todas as postagens
quinta-feira, 28 de maio de 2009
Páginas sobre a língua japonesa
Listei alguns sites na internet sobre a língua japonesa. Algumas são em inglês.
I've listed some websites on the japanese language. Some of them are written in Portuguese. Yu katayoa vatibao lavi nubeitoa yas aybu ojao. La boakilei rekalao nubeitoa maoybu.
http://www.linguajaponesa.com.br/a-forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones/
http://www.timwerx.net/language/jpverbs/lesson55.htm
http://www.japonesnapratica.com/2009/04/verbos-na-forma-te-iru/
http://www.japonesnapratica.com/2009/04/verbos-na-forma-te/
http://www.nippobrasil.com.br/2.semanal.aula/
http://www.sonoo.com.br/Pequenodesviodetempo.html
http://japanese.about.com/od/grammarlessons/a/031101c.htm
http://japanese.about.com/library/bl_verbs.htm
http://pagesperso-orange.fr/babel-site/japonais.htm
http://www.aprendendojapones.com/
I've listed some websites on the japanese language. Some of them are written in Portuguese. Yu katayoa vatibao lavi nubeitoa yas aybu ojao. La boakilei rekalao nubeitoa maoybu.
http://www.linguajaponesa.com.br/a-forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones/
http://www.timwerx.net/language/jpverbs/lesson55.htm
http://www.japonesnapratica.com/2009/04/verbos-na-forma-te-iru/
http://www.japonesnapratica.com/2009/04/verbos-na-forma-te/
http://www.nippobrasil.com.br/2.semanal.aula/
http://www.sonoo.com.br/Pequenodesviodetempo.html
http://japanese.about.com/od/grammarlessons/a/031101c.htm
http://japanese.about.com/library/bl_verbs.htm
http://pagesperso-orange.fr/babel-site/japonais.htm
http://www.aprendendojapones.com/
A little Hiri Motu - Um pouco de Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu is the common language of Papua New Guinea which developed from a local language called "Motu". It is the official language of that island, together with Tok Pisin, a blend of English and native languages.
Technically, both languages are considered "pidgins" by the linguists. A "pidgin" is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common, in situations such as trade.
Pronouns
I - Lau
You (singular) - Oi
You...plural... - Umui
He, she, it - ia
They - idia
We (inclusive, I and you) - ita
We (exclusive we but you) - ai
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns
My - Egu
Mine - Lau-egu
Your (singular) - Emu
Yours (singular) - Oi-emu
Your (plural) - Emui
Yours (plural) - Umui-emui
His, her, it - Ena
His, hers, its - iena
Their - Edia
Theirs - idia-edia
Our (exclusive) - Emai
Ours (exclusive) - Ai-emai
Our (inclusive) - Eda
Ours (inclusive) - iseda
How are you? (singular) - Oi namo?
Yes, I’m fine - io, lau namo.
How are you? (plural) - Umui namo?
Yes, we’re fine - io, ai namo
Good day! - Dina namona!
Good morning - Daba namona!
Good afternoon - Adorahi namona!
Good evening - Hanuaboi namona!
Goodbye - Ba mahuta!
Yes - io
Yes - Oibe
No - Lasi
I'm not sure – Sedira...
I couldn't care less – Sedira.
That's for sure! – Momokani!
Wait a moment! – Dohore!
Stop! – Vadaeni!
That will suffice. – Vadaeni.
That’s enough – Vadaeni.
Please – Mani
Please – Mani emu kara
Please – Pilisi
Good – Namo
Very good - Namo herea
Thank you – Tanikiu
Who? – Daika?
What? – Dahaka?
Who is that? – Unai be daika?
What is this? – Inai be dahaka?
What is the name of this? – Inai gau ena ladana be dahaka?
What is that boy's name? – Unai mero ena ladana be daika?
Whose? – Daika ena?
How many? – Dida?
How many altogether? – Ibounai hida?
How much for this fish? – Inai gwarume ena davana hida?
Which? – Edena?
Which do you want? – Oi ura edena?
Which do you want? – Edena oi ura?
When did he come? – Edena negai ia mai?
How shall I do it? – Edena bamona lau karaia?
Where? – Edeseni ai
Why? – Badina dahaka
Where is the dance? – Mavaru gabuna be edeseni ai?
Why hasn't he come? – Badina dahaka ia mai lasi?
Technically, both languages are considered "pidgins" by the linguists. A "pidgin" is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common, in situations such as trade.
Pronouns
I - Lau
You (singular) - Oi
You...plural... - Umui
He, she, it - ia
They - idia
We (inclusive, I and you) - ita
We (exclusive we but you) - ai
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns
My - Egu
Mine - Lau-egu
Your (singular) - Emu
Yours (singular) - Oi-emu
Your (plural) - Emui
Yours (plural) - Umui-emui
His, her, it - Ena
His, hers, its - iena
Their - Edia
Theirs - idia-edia
Our (exclusive) - Emai
Ours (exclusive) - Ai-emai
Our (inclusive) - Eda
Ours (inclusive) - iseda
How are you? (singular) - Oi namo?
Yes, I’m fine - io, lau namo.
How are you? (plural) - Umui namo?
Yes, we’re fine - io, ai namo
Good day! - Dina namona!
Good morning - Daba namona!
Good afternoon - Adorahi namona!
Good evening - Hanuaboi namona!
Goodbye - Ba mahuta!
Yes - io
Yes - Oibe
No - Lasi
I'm not sure – Sedira...
I couldn't care less – Sedira.
That's for sure! – Momokani!
Wait a moment! – Dohore!
Stop! – Vadaeni!
That will suffice. – Vadaeni.
That’s enough – Vadaeni.
Please – Mani
Please – Mani emu kara
Please – Pilisi
Good – Namo
Very good - Namo herea
Thank you – Tanikiu
Who? – Daika?
What? – Dahaka?
Who is that? – Unai be daika?
What is this? – Inai be dahaka?
What is the name of this? – Inai gau ena ladana be dahaka?
What is that boy's name? – Unai mero ena ladana be daika?
Whose? – Daika ena?
How many? – Dida?
How many altogether? – Ibounai hida?
How much for this fish? – Inai gwarume ena davana hida?
Which? – Edena?
Which do you want? – Oi ura edena?
Which do you want? – Edena oi ura?
When did he come? – Edena negai ia mai?
How shall I do it? – Edena bamona lau karaia?
Where? – Edeseni ai
Why? – Badina dahaka
Where is the dance? – Mavaru gabuna be edeseni ai?
Why hasn't he come? – Badina dahaka ia mai lasi?
The Ainu Language - A Língua Ainu
The ainu language spoken area in the 1800's comprised of the following:
- South Sakhalin
- Kuril islands
- Hokkaido
- North edge of Japan main island
The power struggle between Japan and Russia caused the Ainu people to move. Therefore, in Sakhalin and Kuril islands Ainu language is no longer spoken, and these areas are located in the Russian territory now.
In the North edge of Japan main island, Aomori-ken, it's said that Ainu language was spoken until 1950's, but now only Japanese is spoken there.
In 1999, the Ainu language was little spoken in Hokkaidou, the cold island in northern Japan. However, in 10 years the movement to revive Ainu language has promoted language classes and speech contests in many places.
The Ainu people might have lived with other people in North Sakhalin and Amur river area.(since 1300's). The "Yuan Dynasty of China", funded by Tatar, fought several times against the locals who may have been Ainu, because of invasions in the area under "Yuan"’s control.(AC 1264-1308). The first accounts on the Ainu in China may date back from that time.
During the "Sin" age, the last Chinese empire, the Ainu traded with the Chinese in order to go upstream the Amur river. Some people in Amur area then passed down an oral tradition on their supossed “Ainu forefathers”.
In Japan main island, the Ainu might have settled in the island’s northern part, namely in the provinces of Aomori, Iwate, and Akita (in the 700's). The contact between the Ezo (that is, the barbarian peoples around Japan) and the Japanese was recorded in the Shoku-Nihon-Gi, that means “Japanese Archive Part 2”. This might be the first detailed file about the Ezo,
In the sourthen portion of Japan, some places were given Ainu names, such as the “Sirakawa” Barrier and the “Nakoso” Barrier. But it is believed that there are other place names left all over the country with roots in the Ainu language.
SOME SAMPLE SENTENCES
Come in please! Ahup yan!
(Formal greeting) Irankarapte!
Hi, grandmother! Huci he!
Hi, aunt! Unarpe he!
How are you? Eywanke ya?
I’m fine. Kuywanke wa!
Sit down please. Hetak rok yan!
Thank you (formal). Iyayiraykere!
Thank you (informal). Hioy’oy.
Have a good night. Apunno sini yan!
Good bye (to a remaining person)! Apunno oka yan!
Good bye (to a leaving person)! Apunno paye yan!
See you again! Suy unukaran ro!
What’s this? Tanpe hemanta an?
This is a bowl. Tanpe anakne itanki ne.
Well, what’s is that? Orano, toanpe hemanta an?
That’s a chopsticks. Toanpe anakne pasuy ne.
Do you see? Eeraman ya?
I see. Kereman wa.
Orano, inanpe itanki ne ya?
It’s this. Tanpe ne.
It’s that. Toanpe ne.
What’s that grass? Toan kina hemanta an?
That grass is a royal fern. Toan kina anakne sorma ne.
Who’s that? Toankur hunna an?
That woman is my older sister. Toankur anakne kusapo ne.
Which is your son? Inankur epoho ne ya?
This one. Taankur ne wa.
May I open the window? Puyar kumaka yakka pirka ya?
May I come in? Kahun yakka pirka ya?
May I eat candy? Topenpe ke yakka pirka ya?
May I drink? Kuiku yakka pirka ya?
May I stop the car? Kukor aop kusinire yakka pirka ya?
May I smoke? Tanpaku kuku yakka pirka ya?
May I take rest? Kusini yakka pirka ya?
I finished my work. May I go home? You may.
Kumonrayke okere korka tane kuhosipi yakka pirka ya? Yakun pirka.
You may stop the car in case there. Toanta yakun pirka.
You may have in case tea. Oca eku yakun pirka.
Must not drink! Iteki ku!
Must not come in! Iteki ahun!
Must not stop the car! Iteki aop sinire!
Must not smoke! Iteki tanpaku ku!
Must not open the window because it is cold today. Tanto mean kusu iteki puyar maka.
Must not drink because you drive the car. Aop eo kusu iteki iku.
What do you want to eat? Hemanta ee rusuy ya?
I want to eat candy. Topenpe ke rusuy
What do you want to drink? Hemanta eku rusuy ya?
I want to drink tea. Oca kuku rusuy
I want to go home soon. Tane kuhosipi rusuy
I want to rest because I am tired. Kusinki kusu kusini rusuy
I hope it would be fine tomorrow. Nisatta sirpirka yak pirkap!
I would be the wind... I would be a bird... Rera ta kune... cikap ta kune...
If I could be, ki wa ne yakun
I could meet my lover in this day! Kuyupo tananto or ta kunukar oka!
What is your name? Erehe mak aye?
My name is ______ . Kurehe anakne ______ ne.
How old are you? Epaha hempakpe an?
I am twenty eight years old. Kupaha anakne tupesan pa ikasma hotne pa ne.
Where do you come from? Hunak wa eek?
I come from Sapporo. Sapporo wa kek
Do you come alone? Sinen ne eek?
I come with mother. Hapo turano kek.
Where do you go to tomorrow? Nisatta hunak un earpa?
I go to Biratori. Biratori un karpa.
Please go with me! Entura wa enkore!
Let’s go! Uturano payean ro!
Good bye! Apunno paye yan!
Water, please! Wakka, enkore!
Chopsticks, please! Pasuy, enkore!
Bowl, please! Itanki, enkore!
Two bowls, please! Tu itanki, enkore!
Here you are. O.
Please put me up! Enrewsire wa enkore!
Please help me! Enkasuy wa enkore!
Please take me with you! Entura wa enkore!
Please wait for me! Entere wa enkore!
Please show me! Ennukare wa enkore!
Please tell me! Ennure wa enkore!
Please say it again! Na arsuyne ennure wa enkore!
Ok / alright. Pikka wa.
Let’s eat! Uturano ipean ro!
Let’s talk! Ukoisoitakan ro!
See you again! Suy unukaran ro!
Why don’t you drink water? Wakka eku hike makanak ne wa?
Why don’t you wait a moment? Na atere hike makanak ne wa?
SOME USESUL WORDS AND PARTICLES
a sit(It is singular form. cf.;rok)
ahun come in house (It is singular form)
ahup come in house (It is plural form)
-an we
apunno peaceful
e yes!
e- you
eywanke = e + iwanke
he (It means question)
hetak come on
hioy'oy (It means thanks)
huci grandmother,old lady
irankarapte (It means polite greeting)
iwanke be in good spirits
iyayiraykere (It means polite thanks)
ku- I
kuywanke = ku + iwanke
oka are,exist,live(It is plural form)
paye go(It is plural form)
ro (It means temptation)
rok sit(It is plural form. cf.;a)
sini take rest
suy times
unarpe aunt,lady
unukar meet
unukaran = unukar + an
Wa (the word soften them voice)
ya (It means question)
Yan (It means order to persons ,or one person politely)
ahun come in house (It is singular form)
aop vehicle
e Eat (foods)
e- You
hosipi go home
iteki (It means prohibition)
iku drink alcohol
kahun < ku-ahun
ke < ku-e
kor (goods) of (owner),have
korka but
ku drink (beverage)
ku- I
kusu in order to, because
maka open (window)
mean cold
monrayke work
o ride (vehicle)
oca tea (It is loan word from Japanese)
okere finish
pirka good
puyar window
sini take rest
sinire make (them) rest
tane already,no longer
tanpaku cigerette
tanpaku ku smoke
toanta there
topenpe candy
ya (It means question)
yakka pirka may
yakun in case,if
an be?(It is used with question)
anakne (It present subject)
e- you
eraman understand
hemanta what
hioy'oy (It means thanks)
hunna who
itanki bowl
inankur who,which man
inanpe what,which thing
keraman < ku-eraman
kina grass
ku- I
ne be,become
orano well
pasuy chopsticks
po son
poho (one's) son
sapo older sister
sorma royal fern
taankur this man
tanpe this
toan that (goods)
toankur that man
toanpe that
wa (the word soften them voice)
ya (It means question)
e- you
e eat (foods)
ki do (something)
ku- I
ku drink (beverage)
kusu in order to, because
ke < ku-e
sini take rest
sirpirka fine
sinki tired
- ta - oka (It means hope which is unlikely to realize)
tananto or ta today (It is used in verse. In usual sentense,"tanto")
tane already,no longer
cikap bird
topenpe candy
nisatta tomorrow
nukar meet (person)
ne be,become
hemanta what
hosipi go home
ya (It means question)
yak (It means condition)
yakun in case,if
yupo lover (It is used in verse to man. To woman,"tures". In usual sentense,it means older brother)
rusuy want to
rera wind
wa and
pirka good
-p (It nominalizes verb which is completed by vowel. By consonaunt, "-pe")
a- somebody
-an we
anakne (It present subject)
apunno peaceful
arpa go(It is singular form. cf.;paye)
e- you
ek come
en- me
hempakpe how many
hunak where
karpa < ku-arpa
kek < ku-ek
kore give (them goods)
ku- I
mak how
ne be,become
ne (It means situation. cf.;sinen ne)
nisatta tomorrow
pa year
paha (one's) year
paye go(It is plural form. cf;arpa)
re name
rehe (one's) name
ro (It means temptation)
sinen one parson
sinen ne alone
tura bring (them) with
turano together with
un to (place)
uturano together
wa from (place)
wa and
ye tell
arsuyne once
en- me
itanki bowl
kasuy help (them)
kore give (them goods)
na more
nukare show (them goods)
nure make (them) listen
o Here you are
pasuy chopsticks
pirka good
rewsire put (him) up (It is singular form)
tere wait (them)
tu two
tura bring (them) with
wa (the word soften them voice)
wakka water
a- we (It is used with transitive verb. cf;-an)
-an we (It is used with intransitive verb. cf;a-)
e- you
ku drink (beverage)
hike which (person do)
makanak how
na more
ne be,become
paye go(It is plural form)
ro (It means proposal)
suy times
tere wait (them)
ukoisoitak talk with
unukar meet
uturano together
wa (the word soften the voice)
- South Sakhalin
- Kuril islands
- Hokkaido
- North edge of Japan main island
The power struggle between Japan and Russia caused the Ainu people to move. Therefore, in Sakhalin and Kuril islands Ainu language is no longer spoken, and these areas are located in the Russian territory now.
In the North edge of Japan main island, Aomori-ken, it's said that Ainu language was spoken until 1950's, but now only Japanese is spoken there.
In 1999, the Ainu language was little spoken in Hokkaidou, the cold island in northern Japan. However, in 10 years the movement to revive Ainu language has promoted language classes and speech contests in many places.
The Ainu people might have lived with other people in North Sakhalin and Amur river area.(since 1300's). The "Yuan Dynasty of China", funded by Tatar, fought several times against the locals who may have been Ainu, because of invasions in the area under "Yuan"’s control.(AC 1264-1308). The first accounts on the Ainu in China may date back from that time.
During the "Sin" age, the last Chinese empire, the Ainu traded with the Chinese in order to go upstream the Amur river. Some people in Amur area then passed down an oral tradition on their supossed “Ainu forefathers”.
In Japan main island, the Ainu might have settled in the island’s northern part, namely in the provinces of Aomori, Iwate, and Akita (in the 700's). The contact between the Ezo (that is, the barbarian peoples around Japan) and the Japanese was recorded in the Shoku-Nihon-Gi, that means “Japanese Archive Part 2”. This might be the first detailed file about the Ezo,
In the sourthen portion of Japan, some places were given Ainu names, such as the “Sirakawa” Barrier and the “Nakoso” Barrier. But it is believed that there are other place names left all over the country with roots in the Ainu language.
SOME SAMPLE SENTENCES
Come in please! Ahup yan!
(Formal greeting) Irankarapte!
Hi, grandmother! Huci he!
Hi, aunt! Unarpe he!
How are you? Eywanke ya?
I’m fine. Kuywanke wa!
Sit down please. Hetak rok yan!
Thank you (formal). Iyayiraykere!
Thank you (informal). Hioy’oy.
Have a good night. Apunno sini yan!
Good bye (to a remaining person)! Apunno oka yan!
Good bye (to a leaving person)! Apunno paye yan!
See you again! Suy unukaran ro!
What’s this? Tanpe hemanta an?
This is a bowl. Tanpe anakne itanki ne.
Well, what’s is that? Orano, toanpe hemanta an?
That’s a chopsticks. Toanpe anakne pasuy ne.
Do you see? Eeraman ya?
I see. Kereman wa.
Orano, inanpe itanki ne ya?
It’s this. Tanpe ne.
It’s that. Toanpe ne.
What’s that grass? Toan kina hemanta an?
That grass is a royal fern. Toan kina anakne sorma ne.
Who’s that? Toankur hunna an?
That woman is my older sister. Toankur anakne kusapo ne.
Which is your son? Inankur epoho ne ya?
This one. Taankur ne wa.
May I open the window? Puyar kumaka yakka pirka ya?
May I come in? Kahun yakka pirka ya?
May I eat candy? Topenpe ke yakka pirka ya?
May I drink? Kuiku yakka pirka ya?
May I stop the car? Kukor aop kusinire yakka pirka ya?
May I smoke? Tanpaku kuku yakka pirka ya?
May I take rest? Kusini yakka pirka ya?
I finished my work. May I go home? You may.
Kumonrayke okere korka tane kuhosipi yakka pirka ya? Yakun pirka.
You may stop the car in case there. Toanta yakun pirka.
You may have in case tea. Oca eku yakun pirka.
Must not drink! Iteki ku!
Must not come in! Iteki ahun!
Must not stop the car! Iteki aop sinire!
Must not smoke! Iteki tanpaku ku!
Must not open the window because it is cold today. Tanto mean kusu iteki puyar maka.
Must not drink because you drive the car. Aop eo kusu iteki iku.
What do you want to eat? Hemanta ee rusuy ya?
I want to eat candy. Topenpe ke rusuy
What do you want to drink? Hemanta eku rusuy ya?
I want to drink tea. Oca kuku rusuy
I want to go home soon. Tane kuhosipi rusuy
I want to rest because I am tired. Kusinki kusu kusini rusuy
I hope it would be fine tomorrow. Nisatta sirpirka yak pirkap!
I would be the wind... I would be a bird... Rera ta kune... cikap ta kune...
If I could be, ki wa ne yakun
I could meet my lover in this day! Kuyupo tananto or ta kunukar oka!
What is your name? Erehe mak aye?
My name is ______ . Kurehe anakne ______ ne.
How old are you? Epaha hempakpe an?
I am twenty eight years old. Kupaha anakne tupesan pa ikasma hotne pa ne.
Where do you come from? Hunak wa eek?
I come from Sapporo. Sapporo wa kek
Do you come alone? Sinen ne eek?
I come with mother. Hapo turano kek.
Where do you go to tomorrow? Nisatta hunak un earpa?
I go to Biratori. Biratori un karpa.
Please go with me! Entura wa enkore!
Let’s go! Uturano payean ro!
Good bye! Apunno paye yan!
Water, please! Wakka, enkore!
Chopsticks, please! Pasuy, enkore!
Bowl, please! Itanki, enkore!
Two bowls, please! Tu itanki, enkore!
Here you are. O.
Please put me up! Enrewsire wa enkore!
Please help me! Enkasuy wa enkore!
Please take me with you! Entura wa enkore!
Please wait for me! Entere wa enkore!
Please show me! Ennukare wa enkore!
Please tell me! Ennure wa enkore!
Please say it again! Na arsuyne ennure wa enkore!
Ok / alright. Pikka wa.
Let’s eat! Uturano ipean ro!
Let’s talk! Ukoisoitakan ro!
See you again! Suy unukaran ro!
Why don’t you drink water? Wakka eku hike makanak ne wa?
Why don’t you wait a moment? Na atere hike makanak ne wa?
SOME USESUL WORDS AND PARTICLES
a sit(It is singular form. cf.;rok)
ahun come in house (It is singular form)
ahup come in house (It is plural form)
-an we
apunno peaceful
e yes!
e- you
eywanke = e + iwanke
he (It means question)
hetak come on
hioy'oy (It means thanks)
huci grandmother,old lady
irankarapte (It means polite greeting)
iwanke be in good spirits
iyayiraykere (It means polite thanks)
ku- I
kuywanke = ku + iwanke
oka are,exist,live(It is plural form)
paye go(It is plural form)
ro (It means temptation)
rok sit(It is plural form. cf.;a)
sini take rest
suy times
unarpe aunt,lady
unukar meet
unukaran = unukar + an
Wa (the word soften them voice)
ya (It means question)
Yan (It means order to persons ,or one person politely)
ahun come in house (It is singular form)
aop vehicle
e Eat (foods)
e- You
hosipi go home
iteki (It means prohibition)
iku drink alcohol
kahun < ku-ahun
ke < ku-e
kor (goods) of (owner),have
korka but
ku drink (beverage)
ku- I
kusu in order to, because
maka open (window)
mean cold
monrayke work
o ride (vehicle)
oca tea (It is loan word from Japanese)
okere finish
pirka good
puyar window
sini take rest
sinire make (them) rest
tane already,no longer
tanpaku cigerette
tanpaku ku smoke
toanta there
topenpe candy
ya (It means question)
yakka pirka may
yakun in case,if
an be?(It is used with question)
anakne (It present subject)
e- you
eraman understand
hemanta what
hioy'oy (It means thanks)
hunna who
itanki bowl
inankur who,which man
inanpe what,which thing
keraman < ku-eraman
kina grass
ku- I
ne be,become
orano well
pasuy chopsticks
po son
poho (one's) son
sapo older sister
sorma royal fern
taankur this man
tanpe this
toan that (goods)
toankur that man
toanpe that
wa (the word soften them voice)
ya (It means question)
e- you
e eat (foods)
ki do (something)
ku- I
ku drink (beverage)
kusu in order to, because
ke < ku-e
sini take rest
sirpirka fine
sinki tired
- ta - oka (It means hope which is unlikely to realize)
tananto or ta today (It is used in verse. In usual sentense,"tanto")
tane already,no longer
cikap bird
topenpe candy
nisatta tomorrow
nukar meet (person)
ne be,become
hemanta what
hosipi go home
ya (It means question)
yak (It means condition)
yakun in case,if
yupo lover (It is used in verse to man. To woman,"tures". In usual sentense,it means older brother)
rusuy want to
rera wind
wa and
pirka good
-p (It nominalizes verb which is completed by vowel. By consonaunt, "-pe")
a- somebody
-an we
anakne (It present subject)
apunno peaceful
arpa go(It is singular form. cf.;paye)
e- you
ek come
en- me
hempakpe how many
hunak where
karpa < ku-arpa
kek < ku-ek
kore give (them goods)
ku- I
mak how
ne be,become
ne (It means situation. cf.;sinen ne)
nisatta tomorrow
pa year
paha (one's) year
paye go(It is plural form. cf;arpa)
re name
rehe (one's) name
ro (It means temptation)
sinen one parson
sinen ne alone
tura bring (them) with
turano together with
un to (place)
uturano together
wa from (place)
wa and
ye tell
arsuyne once
en- me
itanki bowl
kasuy help (them)
kore give (them goods)
na more
nukare show (them goods)
nure make (them) listen
o Here you are
pasuy chopsticks
pirka good
rewsire put (him) up (It is singular form)
tere wait (them)
tu two
tura bring (them) with
wa (the word soften them voice)
wakka water
a- we (It is used with transitive verb. cf;-an)
-an we (It is used with intransitive verb. cf;a-)
e- you
ku drink (beverage)
hike which (person do)
makanak how
na more
ne be,become
paye go(It is plural form)
ro (It means proposal)
suy times
tere wait (them)
ukoisoitak talk with
unukar meet
uturano together
wa (the word soften the voice)
segunda-feira, 25 de maio de 2009
Hawaiian Lessons
HAWAIIAN [HWI]
- 1,000 mother tongue speakers, 500 with Ni'ihau Island connections, another 500 in their 70s or 80s (1995 Laina Wong Univ. of Hawaii).
- 8,000 can speak and understand it (1993 Keith Haugen).
- 237,128 ethnic Hawaiians in Hawaii (1996 Hawaii State Dept. of Health), 18.8% of the population (1990 Hawaii State Dept. of Health)
- 99,269 ethnic Hawaiians on the USA mainland (1990 census), including 24,245 in California.
- In 1900 there were 37,000 mother tongue speakers (1995 Honolulu Advertiser).
- Ethnic Hawaiians include 8,244 pure Hawaiian, 72,809 between 50% and 99% Hawaiian, 127,523 less than 50% Hawaiian in Hawaii (1984 Office of Hawaiian Affairs).
- In 1778 there were believed to have been more than 500,000 pure Hawaiians (1995 Wayne Harada). Hawaiian Islands, mainly Ni'ihau Island and the Big Island of Hawai'i, some on all the other islands.
- Alternate names: 'OLELO HAWAI'I, 'OLELO HAWAI'I MAKUAHINE.
- Language classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, East, Central, Marquesic.
HA’AWINA ‘EKAHI (Lesson One)
Papa'ölelo (vocabulary list)
aha – what ( in questions)
makua - parent
au; wau - I
mäkua - parents
'ae – yes
makuahine - mother
'a'ole – no
makuakäne - father
Hawai'i – Hawaiian; Hawai'i
mo'o - lizard
'ïlio – dog
nani - pretty, nice
ka'a – car
no ka mea - because
kaikamahine – girl
noho – chair, to sit/stay/live
kanaka – person
nui – big, large, great, many, numerous
känaka – persons
'o ia – he, she
käne – man
'oe – you
këia - this
Päkë – Chinese
keikikäne – boy
Paniolo – Spanish/Spaniard
këlä – that (far)
Pilipino – Filipino
kënä – that (near)
Pokoliko - Puerto Rican
Kepanï – Japanese
pöpoki - cat
kolohe – rascal, mischievous
pua - flower
kupuna – grandparent
puka – door
kupunakäne – grandfather
Pukïkï – Portuguese
kupunawahine – grandmother
u'i – beautiful, handsome (people)
loa - very
wahine – woman
ka'i: këia, këlä and kënä: The demonstrative pronouns (this, that) in Hawaiian focuses on the person spoken to.
- Këia is used to mean "this" and is close to the speaker.
- Kënä means "that" and refers to the thing that is close to the person being spoken to or close to the thing that one is speaking about.
- Këlä is also "that" but is distant from both the speaker and the one being spoken to or about.
Këia, këlä and kënä are referred to as ka'i. Later in future lessons you will learn how important it is to have a ka'i in order to form sentences. Ka'i means "to lead; direct".
kikino & i'oa: In Hawaiian, the common nouns are referred to as a kikino. A proper noun (name of a person or a place name) is called an i'oa.
kähulu: adjectives in Hawaiian follow the noun. The "hulu" in kähulu is a feather. Think of it as a decoration and that it is used to decorate the noun therefore comes after the noun. kikino kähulu -> 'ïlio nui “big dog”, pua nani “pretty flower”.
Pepeke 'Aike: a pepeke is a complete statement. Basically whatever words you put together to make a sentence in Hawaiian is a pepeke. In this lesson you'll learn the "pepeke 'aike he". It answers who or what (person, place, thing) it is. He means "a/an" but is used in a particular pattern to make a statement such as "That is a cat" or "I am Hawaiian".
In Hawaiian the verb "to be" doesn't exist so this is one way of forming sentences where you would use the verb "to be" in English. he pöpoki – “a cat”, he 'ïlio – “a dog”, he mo'o – “a lizard”, he käne nui – “a big man”.
PATTERN: He + noun phrase + subject
he pöpoki këia= “this is a cat”,
he 'ïlio këlä = “that (far) is a dog”
he Hawai'i au = “I am Hawaiian”
he kaikamahine 'o ia = “she is a girl”
he käne këlä = “that is a man”
he pua kënä = “that (near) is a flower”
he aha këlä = “what is that?”
he makuakäne 'oe = “you are a father”
he mo'o kënä = “that is a lizard”
he 'ïlio nui këia = “this is a big dog”
he keikikäne kolohe 'o ia = “he is a rascal boy”
he wahine Pokoliko 'o ia = “she is a Puerto Rican (woman)”
'ae, he wahine nani loa këlä yes, that is a very pretty lady
Like in English, changing the intonation at the end of the sentence turns it into a question.
He aha këia? - What is this?
He puke këia. - This is a book.
He puke këia? - Is this a book?
'Ae, he puke këia. - Yes, this is a book.
He Hawai'i 'o ia? - Is he Hawaiian?
He Hawai'i 'o ia. - He is Hawaiian.
The 'ami hea (e vocative): When addressing someone by name, you use the vocative "e" in front of the person's name.
E Keoni - Keoni
E Kaleo, he aha këlä? – Kaleo, what is that?
When you are addressing someone other than using the person's name, you use a ka'i (ka/ke).
E ke keikikäne
E ke kaikamahine
note: 'ami means "joint". Later you will learn of other 'ami and their use.
Päpä'ölelo (conversation)
Keoni: E Kaleo, he aha këlä? - Kaleo, what is that? (far)
Kaleo: He 'ïlio këlä. - That's a dog.
Keoni: He 'ïlio nui loa! - A very big dog!
Kaleo: 'Ae, a he 'ïlio kolohe. - Yes, and a mischievous dog.
Keoni: E Kaleo, he aha kënä? - Kaleo, what is that? (near Kaleo)
Kaleo: He pua këia. - This is a flower.
Keoni: He pua nani kënä, e Kaleo. - That's a pretty flower, Kaleo.
Kaleo: 'Ae, he pua Hawai'i ia. - Yes, it's a Hawaiian flower.
- 1,000 mother tongue speakers, 500 with Ni'ihau Island connections, another 500 in their 70s or 80s (1995 Laina Wong Univ. of Hawaii).
- 8,000 can speak and understand it (1993 Keith Haugen).
- 237,128 ethnic Hawaiians in Hawaii (1996 Hawaii State Dept. of Health), 18.8% of the population (1990 Hawaii State Dept. of Health)
- 99,269 ethnic Hawaiians on the USA mainland (1990 census), including 24,245 in California.
- In 1900 there were 37,000 mother tongue speakers (1995 Honolulu Advertiser).
- Ethnic Hawaiians include 8,244 pure Hawaiian, 72,809 between 50% and 99% Hawaiian, 127,523 less than 50% Hawaiian in Hawaii (1984 Office of Hawaiian Affairs).
- In 1778 there were believed to have been more than 500,000 pure Hawaiians (1995 Wayne Harada). Hawaiian Islands, mainly Ni'ihau Island and the Big Island of Hawai'i, some on all the other islands.
- Alternate names: 'OLELO HAWAI'I, 'OLELO HAWAI'I MAKUAHINE.
- Language classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, East, Central, Marquesic.
HA’AWINA ‘EKAHI (Lesson One)
Papa'ölelo (vocabulary list)
aha – what ( in questions)
makua - parent
au; wau - I
mäkua - parents
'ae – yes
makuahine - mother
'a'ole – no
makuakäne - father
Hawai'i – Hawaiian; Hawai'i
mo'o - lizard
'ïlio – dog
nani - pretty, nice
ka'a – car
no ka mea - because
kaikamahine – girl
noho – chair, to sit/stay/live
kanaka – person
nui – big, large, great, many, numerous
känaka – persons
'o ia – he, she
käne – man
'oe – you
këia - this
Päkë – Chinese
keikikäne – boy
Paniolo – Spanish/Spaniard
këlä – that (far)
Pilipino – Filipino
kënä – that (near)
Pokoliko - Puerto Rican
Kepanï – Japanese
pöpoki - cat
kolohe – rascal, mischievous
pua - flower
kupuna – grandparent
puka – door
kupunakäne – grandfather
Pukïkï – Portuguese
kupunawahine – grandmother
u'i – beautiful, handsome (people)
loa - very
wahine – woman
ka'i: këia, këlä and kënä: The demonstrative pronouns (this, that) in Hawaiian focuses on the person spoken to.
- Këia is used to mean "this" and is close to the speaker.
- Kënä means "that" and refers to the thing that is close to the person being spoken to or close to the thing that one is speaking about.
- Këlä is also "that" but is distant from both the speaker and the one being spoken to or about.
Këia, këlä and kënä are referred to as ka'i. Later in future lessons you will learn how important it is to have a ka'i in order to form sentences. Ka'i means "to lead; direct".
kikino & i'oa: In Hawaiian, the common nouns are referred to as a kikino. A proper noun (name of a person or a place name) is called an i'oa.
kähulu: adjectives in Hawaiian follow the noun. The "hulu" in kähulu is a feather. Think of it as a decoration and that it is used to decorate the noun therefore comes after the noun. kikino kähulu -> 'ïlio nui “big dog”, pua nani “pretty flower”.
Pepeke 'Aike: a pepeke is a complete statement. Basically whatever words you put together to make a sentence in Hawaiian is a pepeke. In this lesson you'll learn the "pepeke 'aike he". It answers who or what (person, place, thing) it is. He means "a/an" but is used in a particular pattern to make a statement such as "That is a cat" or "I am Hawaiian".
In Hawaiian the verb "to be" doesn't exist so this is one way of forming sentences where you would use the verb "to be" in English. he pöpoki – “a cat”, he 'ïlio – “a dog”, he mo'o – “a lizard”, he käne nui – “a big man”.
PATTERN: He + noun phrase + subject
he pöpoki këia= “this is a cat”,
he 'ïlio këlä = “that (far) is a dog”
he Hawai'i au = “I am Hawaiian”
he kaikamahine 'o ia = “she is a girl”
he käne këlä = “that is a man”
he pua kënä = “that (near) is a flower”
he aha këlä = “what is that?”
he makuakäne 'oe = “you are a father”
he mo'o kënä = “that is a lizard”
he 'ïlio nui këia = “this is a big dog”
he keikikäne kolohe 'o ia = “he is a rascal boy”
he wahine Pokoliko 'o ia = “she is a Puerto Rican (woman)”
'ae, he wahine nani loa këlä yes, that is a very pretty lady
Like in English, changing the intonation at the end of the sentence turns it into a question.
He aha këia? - What is this?
He puke këia. - This is a book.
He puke këia? - Is this a book?
'Ae, he puke këia. - Yes, this is a book.
He Hawai'i 'o ia? - Is he Hawaiian?
He Hawai'i 'o ia. - He is Hawaiian.
The 'ami hea (e vocative): When addressing someone by name, you use the vocative "e" in front of the person's name.
E Keoni - Keoni
E Kaleo, he aha këlä? – Kaleo, what is that?
When you are addressing someone other than using the person's name, you use a ka'i (ka/ke).
E ke keikikäne
E ke kaikamahine
note: 'ami means "joint". Later you will learn of other 'ami and their use.
Päpä'ölelo (conversation)
Keoni: E Kaleo, he aha këlä? - Kaleo, what is that? (far)
Kaleo: He 'ïlio këlä. - That's a dog.
Keoni: He 'ïlio nui loa! - A very big dog!
Kaleo: 'Ae, a he 'ïlio kolohe. - Yes, and a mischievous dog.
Keoni: E Kaleo, he aha kënä? - Kaleo, what is that? (near Kaleo)
Kaleo: He pua këia. - This is a flower.
Keoni: He pua nani kënä, e Kaleo. - That's a pretty flower, Kaleo.
Kaleo: 'Ae, he pua Hawai'i ia. - Yes, it's a Hawaiian flower.
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